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๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐?
(๐๐๐ ๐ฏ๐ป๐ธ๐ถ ๐น๐ธ๐ผ๐ฝ๐ฌ๐ธ๐ต๐ธ๐ท๐ฒ๐ช๐ต ๐น๐ฎ๐ป๐ผ๐น๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฝ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ฎ)
Rohmingthanga Ralte
Asst.Professor, GANC
A sei tham deuh, chhiar lawih tham law lawin. Literaturea tui tan kan han ti ve leh chawm mai. Lo chhiar ngei ula ka ti tel hle bawk. He theory hmanga C.C Coy kan luhchilhna pawh dahchhuah chak viau mah ila, up beh a la ngai si a.
BLM (Black Lives Matter - Khuanu'n duh taka a duan ve tho kan ni) tih lama harhna chuan khawthlang lamah par a chhuang tup tup mai a. Mi dum Floyd a thihnain a hrinchhuah a nih kan hre vek ang chu. An movement tam tak hi ka ngaihven chaknain, ka ngaihven hman meuh si lo. Corona ngaihven peih loh hnuah, India-China inep lamin min pawt nasa a. Indo an แนญhulh mek laiin kan rama lirnghing zing lutukin ngaihtuahna a hruaikawi leh ta. Lirnghing lakah meuh chuan covid 19 lo hlauhawm lohzia pawh a chiang leh ta viau e!
Saw tah, chhimphei lama thiangzau ho kulh แนญhin Sialsuk aแนญangin chalkawlh pakhat, thuziak taima zet sawn BLM lam ka ngaihven leh ven loh min rawn zawt teh nawlh a. Ka rilruin a kipa kawia ka ngaihven phak loh thu ka hrilh hnuin, ka phak tawkin he movementa thil awm ve pakhat literature mual aแนญanga ka hmuh thiam ve phak chu ''Postcolonialism'' lam rawngkai a nih thu ka hrilh hram a.
Colonialism meuh kha chu a ram mipui leh ram thar zuantu ho tan, hnehna hla do chham fo na turin hlawhtlinna hmu awn awn mah se, awpbeh leh sala hralh tawkte tan kha chuan thil huatawm ber, anchhe rapthlak ber a ni.
White supremacy, whiteman privilege tia uang taka an lo sawi แนญhin te kha, duh lohna hi a sosang zel niin a lang a. Vun rawng a dan avanga, pawn lam mi (others) ni anga dah tฤบatna, anmahni tlukpui awm thei lo tura hnam dangte thluak an sukna แนญhin epletna hi a puak na hle tain ka hre ve deuh a.
Ngaihtuah vak loh pawn IG lama RT News (Russia news channel) hian chanchinthar lama a dah hi ka hmu leh zeuh แนญhin a. Mi dum hoin an huat tak em em pakhat chu an mahni salbet แนญhintu, mi ngote'n hero anga an ngaihte a ni ta zel a. Chung mi ngote hero chu invader/colonizer/imperialist/awpbettu, ram dang hneha tuk tlawm แนญhintu politik mi leh sipai za hotu te an ni hlawm a. An lim pawh an kawtchhuahah ropui em emin an chhawng ther fur a nih khu. Mahse, chung mite chu mi dumte nena intluk tlan lohna siamtu lian pui pui an ni roh thung si. Equality ni mai lo equity chu an movement phena thil lang chiang tak niin ka hmu ve bawk a.
An kawtchhuah a an ram tana mi ropui American President hlui Andrew Jackson, British PM hlui Churchill, thinker leh philosopher ropui Karl Marx leh mi dang te lim chu nuai bo duhna a lian hle. Anni hi class siamtu, mi chungnung leh hnuaihnung siamtua an ngaih vang pawh a ni pakhat ang e. Trump-a paw'n heng mi limte chhanhim nan, a tichhetute chu kum 10 lungin tan theih te a tih tak kha.
Tichuan, colonialism anchhia kha eng ang chiah nge a nih, kan thuziaha mi (a bu tur hi kum hnih a in up ta แนญep) hi tlem kan rawn dahchhuak ang e. Tharum hmanga an epletna hi postcolonialism literary theory pakhat chu ni chiah lo mah se postcolonialism theory pianna leh epletna pawh kan dah tel tho ang e!
Colonialism leh Postcolonialism chu eng nge nih chiah?
Postcolonial theory hi eng nge a nih, eng vanga he theory hi lo chhuak nge tih kan sawifiah hmain ‘Colonialism’ hi sawifiah hmasak a แนญha awm e.
Dictionary แนญhenkhat hrilhfiah dan lo tarlang ila:
Collins English Dictionary chuan heti hian ‘Colonialism’ chu a hrilhfiah a, “Mi chak lo zawkte chunga chakna leh thiltihtheihna lan tira, chakna hmanga awpbeh” tiin a sawi a.
Webster’s Encyclopedia Dictionary chuan, “Awpbettu te thil tum chu ram แนญhalehzual zuana, awp chin tih zauha, hnam dangte leh an rama chhunga va luha thuneihna va chan tumna” tiin a sawifiah bawk a. He hrilhfiahna aแนญanga hian awpbettute hian awpbeh satliah ngawt chu an tum lo tih a lang a. Thuneihna ber an neih tawh chuan an duh ang tawka vawkpuilallen chu an hmabak a ni tawh mai a ni.
Tin, awpbeh an tum dan leh tumna kawngah khan serh leh sang pawh an nei lo a tih theih ang. Anmahni lo do leta, mahni ram lo chhan nasa a piang khan an tuar nasa a tih theih bawk ang.
Mipui leh ram chauh awpbeh leh thunun kha an duh tawk mai lo a, “Ram dang an thunun tih hian leilung (land) leh an thil neih (goods) chunga thu an va neihna chauh a kawk lo va, an va awp behna hmuna cheng mihringte culture leh rilru sukthlek thlenga rahbehna a kawk tel zawk a ni” (Ralte 315).
Bishop Desmond Tutu chuan awpbettu te’n Africa an awpbeh dan chu ti hian a sawi a. “Africaa chanchinแนญha hriltute an lo luh khan, anni chuan Bible an neia, keini’n kan ram. แนฌawngแนญai ang u an ti a, kan maimitchhing a. Kan mit ka han men leh meuh chuan, an Bible chu kan nei a, anni chuan kan ram chu an nei ta thung a” (electronic source) tiin. Hei hi awpbettute hmanraw แนญhenkhat chu a ni reng a.
An mahni lam chuan insawithiam nan, ‘Kan awpbeh avanga chhandam an ni (invasion is salvation)’ tiin, inthiamlohna awm miah lovin dik leh แนญha zawkin an la insawi zui zel zawk si a.
A chunga ‘Colonialist nature’ kan tarlante aแนญang khian postcolonial theory chu kan sawifiah ve leh thung ang a. Kan sawifiahna pawh a tichiang lehzual thei ngei ang. Awpbettute khan an awpbeha te thluak kha an theih tawpin an suk sak a, an thluak duh tawka an sak hnu chuan anmahni hnamzia, nunphung leh chin dante chu an awpbeha te zir tirin an zawm tir ta แนญhin. Anmahni chu a แนญha thei ang bera indahin, mi dangte chu a chhe thei ang bera chhuah kha an thuthlung kumhlun a ni.
Rev. Lalfakawma Ralte in Postcolonial theory a hrilhfiahna hi han en hmasa teh ang:
Mi ngo, min awptute chuan India rama sakhua leh culture lo awmsa chu a chhe thei ang bera chhuahin, mi ngo culture (mi ngo zai dan leh mi ngo hla thluk thlengin) chu แนญha berah min ngaih tir a; kan thluak an suk pahin tihluihna an hmang thiam hle. Hun a lo kal zela kan ram min awp hnua kan แนญawng, culture leh hawiher thlenga min rahbehsak fe hnuah tu tu emaw, min awpbettute dodal zawnga ngaihtuahna seng a, thu leh hla hmanga au chhuak an lo awm ve ta hlawl mai. Chu mite chuan British sawrkarin kan rama politics, ei leh bar, culture leh mipui sukthlekah eng chenin nge nghawng a neih dan chik takin an chhui a; Literature lamah pawh a ni tho va. Chung ngaihtuahna thar hmangtute chuan thlirna hrang- chik chetna tukverh aแนญangin hun kal tawhin kan tun nun a nghawng dan an zir chiang แนญhin; chu mite thlirna leh ngaihtuahna chu ‘Postcolonial theory’ kan tih hi a ni. V.V Thomas-a chuan “Awpbettu (colonialist)-te’n history tia an sawi, an lo ziah tawh sa, mit leh beng thara chhiar leh ngaihthlak, awmze thar neihtir leh ep zawnga thlirna (oppositional reading) hi postcolonial theory chu a ni” tiin a hrilhfiah a; hei hi a pawmawm hle (Ralte 316).
Professor R.Thangvunga’n Postcolonial criticism a hrilhfiahna hi lo tarlang ve leh ila:
Postcolonial criticism lo chhuahna hi Franz Fanon-a lehkhabu, The Wretch of the Earth(1961), Africa-a France huvang an dodal thu kha ni bera ngaih a ni a. Heta Fanon-a thurolum chu, “ram dang awpna hnuaia awmte’n an bo lohna tura an tih tur hmasa ber chu hnamze hlui lak hmuh let leh a ni” a ti a. A dawtah chuan, awpbettute zia leh rilru rilru an lo kai tawhte nawh ral a ni. He cho letna rawn tichaktu chu Edward Said-a Orientalism, (1978) kha a ni a. Ani thukhawchang ve thung chu khawthlang ram mite rilrua ram dang mi (a bikin khawchhak ram, ram hnufuala an ngaih) an en dan thu leh hla hmanga an tihlan แนญhin dan demna a ni. Khawthlang mite’n khawchhak (The Orient) zia nia an thu leh hlaa an tarlan te chu anmahni ngei pawhin tlawm maka an lak แนญhin, nunchhiat, thatchhiat, tisa chakna nasa, rinawm loh tih ang te a ni a.
Chutih rualin khawchhak chu mawina danglam tak nei, mangphan ram ang riai ang tein an sawi leh lawi si a (exotic, exotic food etc). Mit timimtu ber erawh chu khawvel thlirna mita ‘Dang’ anga tar lan lai tak kha a ni. Anmahni a laia awm a, mi dang zawng chu pawna awm ang leh mikhual ena en, eng kawng maha an mahni pawl pha ngai lo tura an dah แนญhinna rilru leh culture chu thil nih dan kumkhua tur a ni lo tih hriatchhuahna aแนญanga mahni ze pianpui nih chhuah ve chu tih makmawha neih, chu chu postcolonial literature leh criticism dinhmun a ni (Thangvunga 152-153).
Colonialist ho, mahni ram chhan nana lo do lettu te chu tualthah ching an ni a, anni'n an ram lakna kawnga mi an thah chu tualthahna a ni leh si lo. Tualthah hmang tia an sawi te ai khan, awpbettu te tluka thisen luan tir nasa kha an awm kher bik lo ang?
Tichuan, khawvel hian leilung piankenin a sin intluk tlan mamawhna hi a rawn la lian tial tial dawn chauh niin a lang!?
ZO TUNGCHAW
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