Mizo Literature tana Mafaa Hnathawh - Rohmingthanga Ralte, Asst. Prof. GANC

MIZO LITERATURE TANA MAFAA HAUHNAR HNATHAWH

Rohmingthanga Ralte

Assistant Professor

Dept. of Mizo, GANC  

                                                                      

       

Thu leh hla hi mihringte ang thoin a ṭhangin, a inthlak kual ve fo a. A hunlaia chin dan tam tak chu a hun a liamin, a chuaiin, a ral ve ṭhin. Chutih rual erawh chuan hnampui ho zulzuiin, literary theory tam tak erawh chhiarkawp dana zawm ngai a awm ve mek bawk a. Hmanlai aṭanga kan thu leh hla ṭhan dan leh hawi zawng chu vawiinah chuan a danglam ta hle.

 

Hla hi ṭawngka inhlanchhawn nuam tak a nih avang ni maw, thu lam ai chuan hla lam chhuah hun leh upat dante hi eng emaw chen chu kan chhui kir thei a. Kan mawl zual laia kan hhla kal phung chu ‘tlar hnih zai’ a ni a. Kan changkan hret hnuah ‘tlar thum zai’ kan nei leh. Sakhaw thar rawn luh hnuah kan hla hawi zawng chu a danglam leh ta hlawk a. A tlangpuiin vawiin thleng hi chuan kan hla phuah dan kal hmang hi tlar li leh a thunawn nei a ni ta ber awm e.

 

Ziakna turin hawrawp kan neih hnua, kan dai chin leh kan chimchinte a sangin, a zau ve zel a. Keimahni irawm chhuak liau liau ni lo, hnampui leh fing hmasa zawkte thu leh hla khel dan phungte kan zawm tam ve ta tial tial a. Chutih rualin ziahna tur hawrawp kan neihna hi kum za nufa chauh a la ni a, hnam dang leh hnam fing hmasa zawkte thu leh hla (literature) nena khaikhin ralah chuan kan thu leh hlate hi a la hausa lo hle.

 

Chanchin hlui (history) ni lo, keimahni irawm chhuaka thu leh hla kan phuaha kan neih ṭanna phei chu chu kum 1930 chho aṭang khan ti ta ila, kan sawi sual awm lo e. Hranghlui thu leh hla thiam tak tak leh thawh hlawk tak tak ten mual min liam san zel a, ṭhangthar ziakmi duhawm tak takte an lo chhuak ve mek zel bawk a. Hnam dang thu leh hla nena khaikhin pawha zahpui awm bik lo turte pawh kan nei chho ve zel a. Chutih rual erawh chuan kan thu leh hla ṭhan dan (literary trend) hi a la rei lo hle thung si.

 

Mizo thu leh hla lama Mafaa thawhhlawk dan sawi tur hian a thiam ber leh a hre ber ka nih ka inring lem lo. Kan hriat dan chen pawh a inang lo viau ngei ang. Zep nak emaw Mafaa thu leh hla zawng zawng ka ngaina vek bik lo a. A critical writings ho te kha ka ngainat ber ber te an ni. Ani nen pawh kan sawi dun ṭhin chu duh zawng leh ngainat zawng ‘Taste’ kan nei vek a lawm tiin, thu chhiar duh bik neih chu a hriatthiam thu kha a sawi ve fo. Tin, mi mal chanchin literature sira, hnai lutuk han chhui leh ziah vak mai hi ka tuipui lem lo pakhat a ni ve bawk. An kutchhuak aṭanga zirbinga, bukna leh tehna han siamte erawh nuam ka tih ber a ni thung. Hmasa ber, phuah tam ber, ziak tam ber tih vel hian kan literature tan hmasawnna tur a neih ka hriat lem loh avang a ni. Mafaa pawh kha a damlaia kan kawm ve ṭhin, kan ṭhianpa tih ve ngam nimahse, a thu leh hla sir aṭanga amah sawi tel vak ngai hian kan thuziak hi a ti ‘bias’ ang tih ka hlau viau a. Amah ka duh loa, ka ṭan lo tihna lah a ni chuang lo. 

 

Hun hrang hrangah ziakmi, mi bik an awm fo a, mahse kum naupangtein mual an liam leh mai ṭhin a. An thu leh hla an kutchhuakte a tam tawk hman lo fo a, Zofate tan literature khawvelah an uiawmna a zual em em ṭhin. Ṭhangtharte khawvelah han ti ta ila, kum 1995 chhoah, Zofate thu leh hla khawvelah mi bik pakhatin, Zo literature buantual a rawn luh chilh chhoh aṭangin, Mizo literature hawi zawng nasa taka rawn sawi hertu pakhat chu Mafaa kha a ni ti ila, dawt kan sawiin ka ring lo. Zirna lamah degree sang tak nei lem mah suh se, thu leh hla a tuipui mai piah lamah, a chemkalna leh a talent a nih avang khan a kutchhuakte chuan belhchian a dawl em em mai zel a ni.

 

Poetry leh Prose lamah kutchhuak min hnutchhiah ṭha tak tak a nei hman nual a. Tin, thawnthu tawi (short story) lamah pawh a kut a hmui hle.  Poetry huang bika Zofate tana a thawhhlawk hle a, he mi kawngah a kutchhuak leh a thawh hlawk dante hi a hmasa ber atan kan luhchilh ang.

 

Ṭhuamtea khawlhring chuan Mafaa’n Literature zeṭhuang pakhat, poetry-a a thawh hlawkzia hi hriain heti hian a sawi a:

Pakhatnaah chuan, Poetry lama a themthiamna leh a ṭhahnemngaihna hi a ni. Tu huatthu mah kan sawi em lo ang a, hun rei tak chhung chu Poetry lamah hian Mizote hi kan chim chin a sang lo hle a, rual u te zingah poetry lama tuimite lo awm ṭhin bawk mahse hai kuak tur leh vai en tur kha a la tam viau a. Chumi lam kawngah chuan Ramthana Pa hian a thiamna leh theihna a hmang nasa hle a, a hming hian hriatreng a phu hlein ka hria (Mafaa leh Kei - Ṭhuamte Khawlhring).

 

 

He a thusawi hi a ṭawmpuiawm hle a ni. Mafaan a lehkhabu hmasa ber Chawlhna Tuikam a rawn tihchhuah aṭang khan, thu leh hla lama tui miten, awmze nei zawk leh kalhmang nei zawk, hnam fing hmasa te tihdan phung zuiin poetry lam pawh an phuah nasa ti ila, a dik ngei ang. A sawi zel naah chuan:

Literature peng lian pathum, poetry, prose leh drama zingah hian, Mizote hian poetry hi kan ngaihven lo deuh ber niin a lang a, a var pawh leh a tuipuitu pawh kan tlem deuh ber niin a lang a. Hla (poem) chu mahni duh ang angin ziakin phuah theih a ni a, chumi rual chuan metrical versification hi dah hniam ngawt a thiang lo. Hemi kawngah hian ‘thu khat vuain tan i la ang aw kan ti ve a, kan thiam ang angin kan bei ve nawk nawk a. Mizo literature tana kan tih theih ve tawk nia ngaiin, kum 22 kal ta, kum 1997 khan,“Mizo hla thenkhat bihchiana” (Saikuti leh Laltheri hla bik)  a inṭawmin kan ziak a, chu chu technical taka Mizo hla bihchianna hmasa pawl a ni ve ta hial awm e. Hemi hma hi chuan Mizo literature hian Rhetoric leh Prosody lam hi a la hawi lem lo ṭhin ti ila, kan sawi sual tam lovang chu. Tunah chuan, ṭhangthar zingah poetry tuipui tak tak leh phuah thiam tak tak tam tak an awm ta a, a lawmawm hle a ni (3).

 

 

Chawlhna Tuikam lehkhabu a rawn tihchhuah aṭang khan Mafaa hi a hming ringawt chu thingtlang aṭangin kan lo ralkhat hriat ve a. Kha lehkhabu hmang khan mi te pawh kan lo hnial ve fuk fuk ṭhin. Chawlhna Tuikam lehkhabu rawn chhuah kha matric result nghah laiin kan veng YMA library-ah ka hawh ve a. Mizo ṭawng Mak Sarang tih a ziah kha ka tuipui fal hle. Kha lehkhabua poetry leh a critical writings ho te erawh kha chu kan la tuipui pha chiah lo a. Literature nihna leh nihphung kan la hriat phak loh vang pawh ni fahmiang. 

 

Kha lehkhabu khan keini ang rual ho rilruah khan hmun a lo la nasa hle tih chu pawl 11 leh 12 Govt. Mizo Higher Secondary kan zirlai kum 1998-2000 khan ka hmuin ka hrechiang hle. Kha Chawlhna Tuikam lehkhabu-ah khan Poetry a awm nual a. Genre hrang hranga a phuahte kha thu(prose) kar lakah a zep nual a. Chung a phuah dan genre leh style te chu tawite tein a sawi fiahna a dah zel bawk a. Khatiang anga sawifiahna nen thlapa dah kha tunhmain Zofate thu leh hla khawvelah a la awm ngai lo ti ila, a dikin ka ring. Rhyme scheme awm te pawh, a rhyme scheme ho kha a dah zel kha a ni a.

 

Tichuan, pawl 11 leh 12 kan zir lai khan, kan class-in chanchinbu kan tichhuak ve ṭhin a. ‘Seluphan’ tih a ni nghe nghe. Editor chu tunlaia ṭhangthar ziaktu langsar Zirsangkima hi a ni. Ani, khan Mafaa thu leh hlate kha a lo tuipui hle tih a hriatna chu, kha chanchinbu-a, poetry a phuah a rawn dah hoah khan, sawifiahna leh rhyme scheme te, Mafaa tih dan ang khan a rawn dah tel ve zel a. Tin, khang hunlaia poetry phuah ṭhin ho kha chuan, a sawifiahna leh rhyme scheme kha dah tur emaw an tizel nghe nghe a nih kha. Poetry chungchanga a thawhhlawk dan chu Darrokima’n tihian a sawi nghe nghe:

 

Mi nawlpui chuan Shakesperean sonnet te hi kan hriat tlanglawn leh kan chin ṭhan ve a ni deuh mai a. Mafaa zarah, Latin-ho poetry ziah dan kalphung te, Italian-ho leh Greek ho chin dan chi hrang hrang te, French ho poetry kalphung danglam tak tak leh ngaihnawm tak tak thlengin kan hmelhriatin kan lo chin chhoh ve phah a, poetry lama mit lo meng ve riai riai sa kha Mafaa zarah fiah takin kan lo meng ve ta ti ila kan sawi sual awm lo ve (Vanglaini 28 Feb, 2020).

 

Criticism lama a sulhnu kha a ṭhain, Vanglaini-a column a neih hnu aṭang phei kha chuan ṭawng chungchangah nen ṭhangtharte rinkai leh zawh hlawh ber a ni. Criticism lama a thawh hlawk dan leh a hmasawn dan chu C. Lalawmpuia Vanchiau chuan ti hian a ṭhensawm sak a. Mafaa lehkhabu lo tihchhuah ho aṭangin a critics nih dan chu tiang hian a rem fel a, Stage 1, 2, 3 tiin, stage 1-ah chuan, Chawlhna Tuikama a kutchhuak ho te dahin heti hian a sawi a:

 

Chawlhna Tuikam lehkhabuah hian Mafaa review article hmuh tur a awm nual a. Chung zinga pakhat chu, Vanneihtluanga ‘Thunderbird’ thawnthu tawi, BA Mizo ṭawng zirlai atana thlan a nih avanga ‘Beidawnna Piah Ram’ tia an thlaksak chungchang a ni. Lehkhabu leh thawnthu hming inthlaksak chakna thlarau khan thawkkhat lai kha chu min chenchilh ve deuh bawk a. Lehkhabu hming te, hla hming te hi chu chunglam aṭanga a phuahtu/ziaktu dawn a awm ṭhin a ni ngai a, a mak khawp mai. ‘Thunderbird’ pawh hi, Mafaa kha chuan, “A sap rawngkai deuh e an tih vang, ti dawn ila, C. Ṭhuamluaia ‘Sialton Official’ pawh an thlak bik chuang si lo va,” a ti deuh a ni . . . (Mafaa Criticical Writing Ṭhenkhat - Lalawmpuia). 

 

Chawlhna Tuikama a thu leh hla ṭhenkhat ho chu critics kawng a zawhna, criticism lama a kal dan leh ṭawng pawh a la fimkhur thu sawiin, zalenna tawng pawng hmana, hman thiam si loh chuan mi rilru natna kan siam mai mai a ni tiin, thu zaizap takin a sawi a. Literature-a mi mal zalenna a dahlen viau rualin, mi dangte zai ngaih a ngaihdan chu a sir tluk pui a la ni a. 

A lehkhabu pahnihna ‘Thlaler Aurawl’ aṭang kha chuan a thil thlir dan rawn her hretin, a thu leh hla pawh a hma ai chuan a hriam ta hret a. Hei hi Lalawmpuia chuan stage 2 ah dahin:

Thlaler Aurawl-ah hian lehkhabu puitling pathum a thlirna a awm a. “Ka ṭhian bulṭhu tak tak” a tih vang ni maw, Ṭhuamtea Khawlhring kutchhuak hmasa ber Zothlifim (2001) a thlirsaknaah hian ṭawngkam a hmang hawihawm a, a fakna lam pang a uar hle. Mi ṭhenkhat chuan poetry phuah kawngah technicality hnuchhawnin, duh tawka inhrikthlak theihna leh mahni vei zawng phawrh theihna ‘free verse’ lam an uar a. Amaherawhchu, Mafaa leh Ṭhuamtea te hi chuan, net zar lo va tennis khelh ang chauha an ngaih avangin, “a rhyme leh metre kan duhtui dun angreng viau” an ti a. ‘Free verse’ aiin ‘metrical verse’ an tleipui zawk tihna a nih chu (3). 

 

 

Zothlifim lehkhabua article pahnih, “Mizo hla ṭhenkhat bihchianna: Saikuti leh Laltheri” tih leh, “Chhura ko thlak” te hi an pahniha an inziah ṭawm a ni. An article hmasa zawkah hian English literature tarmit vuah hawhin, Saikuti leh Laltheri-te hlaruaa ‘figurative language’ inzep an hai chhuah dan hi a nep lo viau. A ‘literary term’ ang zawnga hrutin, a syllabic verse, sarcasm, irony, internal rhyme, euphemism, metaphor, aliteration, synecdoche, symbol, hyperbole, simile, allusion, metonym, onomatopoeia, echoism, consonance, assonance, periphrasis, figure of sound, syllepsis, antithesis, patheic fallacy tih zawng zawng an lepse a, anni pahnih aia hla enchik an awm ve a nih pawhin an tihdan an entawn a ni tal ang! (3).     

 

tiin a sawi a. He mi chungchang Ṭhuamtea’n a ziah chu kan thuziak hmasa lamah khan kan sawi tawh a nih kha, mi inang sa inang, theihtawp-a Mizo literature hmasawnna tura ngaihtuahna seng a, mi la chin ngai loh huaisen taka ching chhuak hmasatu an ni hi hriatreng tlak a nih bakah an fakawm dun kher mai. Opa chuan satge 2 china Mafaa critic a nih dan chu tihian a sawi zui a. “A lan danah chuan, Stage 2-a ‘Mafaa, as a critic’ kan hmuh hi chu a zia a dang ta deuh a. Stage 1 lama ṭawngkam hawihhawm rawlh hram hram ṭhin khan, a zepui a chhuah ta ti pawhin a sawi theih ang chu. Criticism mualah chuan ṭawngkam nem dim dem te, thukhuh leh thuhnuairawlh te a remchang ber lo ve bawk a. Pehhel chiam te phei chu a fuh mawh khawp mai” (4).   

 

A hma lama kan sawi tawh angin, Mizorama chanchinbu darhzau bera, column nei pha a ni bawk a, kartin a thuziak thar hmuh tur a awm reng a. Tin, amah mihring kum pawh a lo tam ve tial tial a. Rilru lamah pawh a puitling tawh tih hai rual lohin, a thuziakah pawh a huaiin, amah a inring tawk hle tih a hriat theih ta a. A lehkhabu hnuhnung ber ‘Hringnun Hrualhrui’ a rawn tihchhuah meuh khan chung kan sawi ang chu a tichiang leh zual ta a. Lalawmpuia chuan he a lehkhabu rawn chhuah chin hi stage 3-ah dahin, ti hian a sawi leh a:

 

Kum 2018 kan chuang kai a, Mafaa’n Hringnun Hrualhrui a khawrpum leh meuh hi chuan kan literature huanga arsi lian ber pawl, dinhmun sang tak a lo luah tawh a. Tuma er leh el phak lovah ṭhuin, ṭhangthar te entawn a hlawh a. A kutchhuakte zirlaia seng luh hlawh zo ve lo mah se, a kamchhuak a thu leh hla ten Zoram khawvel a luah hnehzia inhrilh nawn a ngai awm lo ve. Tunhma zawnga midang kutchhuak thlirsak ṭhintu kha, midangin a kutchhuak an zirchiansak ve ta fo va. Chutiang dinhmun leh hmasawnna chu he Stage 3 danglamna chu a ni (4).     

 

Mizo literature-a a hnathawh hi ama kutchhuak aṭanga amah teh let hian a lang chiang viau bawk awm e. Lalawmpuia’n stage hrang hrang aṭanga Mafaa critic a nih dan khaikhawmna a sawi hian a tichiang lehzual a ni. 

 

Sawi tawh ang khan Stage 3-ah hi chuan, thlirsaktu kha thlirtuah a ṭang ve ta thung a. Emerging writer ni tawh lovin established writer a ni tawh miau avangin hemi level zet hi chu a sang a, ziaktu dang hetiang rilru pu pha an la awm kher awm lo ve. “Thinlung Thu Thuk” thusepah chuan Stage 1-a ziakmite zalenna a sawi kha chhiartute zalennaah a hlan chhawng ta thung a. Lehkhabu chu, a sawi dan chuan: “Keimahni aṭanga chhuak ni mah se, kan ta a ni thei tak tak lo, amahin nunna hranpa a nei ve tawh a; a ziaktute’na mumang lam pawha kan man phak aia thui leh thuk hian mi thinlungah nghawng a nei thei,” a ti a (5).

 

Ni e, mi thuziak thlira ziak ṭhintu kha, ṭhangthar ten a thuziak an zirin an thlir chhawng ve ta thung a. Chu chuan Mizo literature tualah tuikeplung ṭha mi chhar tur a thehthlak tamzia a tarlang a ni.

 

Zo literature tana Mafaa thawhhlawk dan hi he paperah hian sawi vek sen a ni lo ang a, tin kan hriat dan chen lah a inang lo fur thei awm e. Chuvangin tun ṭum atan chuan duhtawk dawn phawt mai ila. A tlangkawm nan tlem han thual leh ila. 

 

Ṭawngkam nalh leh inlalawn ṭha hman uar kawngah khan a sulsutu pakhat a tih ngam ang. Alliteration a hmang thiam em em a, chung chu a thu tluang ziakah khan kan hmu tam hle a. Hei hian a ṭha zawngin ṭhangthar te rilruah pawh hna a thawk hle tih a hriatna chu ziak mi thar lo chhuak tam tak hian an entawn ti ila, kan sawi sual lem lo ang. Rhetoric leh prosody hi literature ropui leh mawina pakhat a ni ve tlat mai si a. Ṭawng inla lawn ṭha leh ri inri rem ṭha te rem khawm hian thuziak ṭhatna thui takin a hril tel a, a chhiartu te tan pawh chhiar a nuam ṭhin. 

 

Tin, literature nena kalkawp reng, lak hran theih loh chu ṭawng (grammar) hi a ni a. Ṭhangthar zingah Mafaa kha ṭawng chungchanga rawn leh zawh hnem ber a ni ngei ang. Social media leh eng eng emaw-ah ṭawng chungchanga inhnialna a awm chuan mi tam tak chuan Mafaa’n eng tin nge a sawi tih kha an en ṭhup mai bakah, a ngaihdan kha an thlir ṭhup ṭhin a ni. 

 

Literature hi debate anga, mahni ṭanna tichiang tur chuan theih tawpa mahni ṭanhmun sawh ngheh ngaihna ṭhin a nih rualin, inpawhfan theihna pawh neih makmawh tho a ni. Ṭawng chungchanga Mafaa dawhtheihna leh inpawh fan theihna, insiamṭhat ngamna kha amah chher hriamtu zual leh a ropuina pakhat a tling awm e. Tlai khawhnua kan inhmelhriat vea, kan inkawm hnu leh whatsapp group lama titi ho chang hian ṭawngkam pakhat kan hman dik lo fo chu ‘rawva’ tih hi a ni a. Hmeichhiat mipatna lama, uchuak taka che ṭhin te sawina a ni a. Mi sual leh rapthlak taka che zawng zawngte sawi nan hian mi tam zawk chuan kan hmang mai ṭhin. He thu kan hman sual a rawn hmuh hian a dik zawk a rawn sawi fo a. Amah ngei pawh khan a lehkhabu Chawlhna Tuikam leh Thlaler Aurawlah khan a hmang dik tawk lo a. Mahse, chu chu a pawm ngam tih tlai khaw hnuah hian a lo hriat khawp mai. In sawi mam kual kha a tum tawh lem lo. Tin, editing kha a ulukin, a ti ṭha ngun theiin, kha kha a thuziak ṭhat ṭhinna thuruk pawh a ni e, tih hi thuziak ṭan mekte inzir nan kan rawl ruk ang che u.

 

He paper-ah hian poetry leh criticism lama a thawhhlawk dan kan thlur nasa deuh a, a thawnthu tawi lam hi chu kan luh chilh thuk ta lo a ni. A kutchhuak chhiar ṭhin tan chuan a thawnthu tawi lama a ṭawng hmang thiamna leh a style te hi chu sawi lo pawh ni ila, kan hre chiang tlang vek ngeiin a rinawm a ni.

 

 

 

Thuziak Rawnte  

 

Darrokima, Mafaa, Vanglaini 28.2.2020 Issue.

 

Kawlhring, Ṭhuamtea, Mafaa leh Kei, Seminar paper unpublished

 

  Vanchiau Lalawmpuia C., Mafaa Critical Writing |Ṭhenkhat,  Seminar Paper Unpublished.

 

 

 

 (He paper hi Hrangbana College Seminar-a ka chhiar a ni a. Hnawhsarum taka Paper ziak tura in ngen a ni a. Duh ang zawng leh sawi awm tak tak pawh ziah zawh hnu lamah kan hmu a. Mahse, edit belh tawh lovin, a ngai ngaiin kan dah ta mai a ni e.)

 

ZO TUNGCHAW